Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Factors affecting SMEs growth: the case of the real estate valuation service industry

Abstract

Research background: Based on the literature, several ways of assessing the conduct of business and a number of factors influencing the growth and development of the companies can be identified. However, the diversity of business entities and their business environment raises the importance of considering the unique nature of the industry in the selection of performance measures. Our research focuses on real estate valuation firms that provide information and consulting services to real estate markets.

Purpose of the article: As professional practice shows, there are different business models for property valuation. These businesses differ in their organisational and legal form and the type of valuations performed, the type of client served, or the scope of services provided. The main purpose of the research is to identify factors that significantly affect the development odds of valuation companies in Poland, especially the growth of income.

Methods: The study was based on data collected from the survey of Polish real estate valuers. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 277 professionals who own valuation companies and were certified no later than the end of 2014. A quantitative analysis using a logistic regression model was conducted to identify the factors that influence the prospects for valuation business growth.

Findings & value added: The research confirms the relationship between the way of conducting real estate valuation activities and its development chances. The most important factors are a spatial and substantive range of services, cooperation and employment, and clients' profile. Demographic characteristics were also found to be significant. Although the results presented here are based on data from the real estate valuation industry, their relevance is much broader. The findings provide a better understanding of the factors that influence the performance and success of SMEs, particularly in the information and consulting industry.

Keywords

business growth factors, entrepreneurship, professional services, property valuation, small business performance, SME’s service businesses

PDF

References

  1. Abidin, J. Z., Abdullah, N. A. H., & Khaw, K. L. H. (2020). Predicting SMEs failure: Logistic regression vs artificial neural network models. Capital Markets Review, 28(2), 29?41.
    View in Google Scholar
  2. Adair, A., Downie, M. L., & McGreal, S. (1996). European valuation practice. Theory and techniques. London: Taylor & Francis. doi: 10.4324/9780203475 522.
    View in Google Scholar
  3. Adomako, S., & Mole, K. (2017). Small business growth and performance: a review of literature. In R. Blackburn, D. De Clercq & J. Heinonen (Eds.). The SAGE handbook of small business and entrepreneurship. London: SAGE, 134?145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473984080.n12
    View in Google Scholar
  4. Aghaei, I., & Sokhanvar, A. (2020). Factors influencing SME owners? continuance intention in Bangladesh: a logistic regression model. Eurasian Business Review, 10(3), 391?415. doi: 10.1007/s40821-019-00137-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-019-00137-6
    View in Google Scholar
  5. Ahl, H. (2004). The scientific reproduction of gender inequality: a discourse analysis of research texts on women?s entrepreneurship. Copenhagen: CBS Press.
    View in Google Scholar
  6. Al-Kwifi, O. S., Tien Khoa, T., Ongsakul, V., & Ahmed, Z. U. (2020). Determinants of female entrepreneurship success across Saudi Arabia. Journal of Transnational Management, 25(1), 3?29. doi: 10.1080/15475778.2019.1682 769. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2019.1682769
    View in Google Scholar
  7. Amidu, A. R., Aluko, B. T., & Hansz, J. A. (2008). Client feedback pressure and the role of estate surveyors and valuers. Journal of Property Research, 25, 89?106. doi: 10.1080/09599910802590982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09599910802590982
    View in Google Scholar
  8. Azoulay, P., Jones, B. F., Kim, J. D., & Miranda, J. (2020). Age and high-growth entrepreneurship. American Economic Review, 2(1), 65?82. doi: 10.1257/aeri. 20180582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180582
    View in Google Scholar
  9. Bartke, S., & Schwarze, R. (2021). The economic role and emergence of professional valuers in real estate markets. Land, 10(7), 683. doi: 10.3390/land100706 83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10070683
    View in Google Scholar
  10. Cabrer-Borrás B., Belda P. R., & Carrubi D. B., (2019). Contingency factors and entrepreneurship: influence in business activity. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(8), 1685?1702. doi: 10.1108/IJEBR-07-2018-0477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2018-0477
    View in Google Scholar
  11. Capelleras, J. L., Contin-Pilart, I., Larraza-Kintana, M., & Martin-Sanchez V. (2019). Entrepreneurs? human capital and growth aspirations: the moderating role of regional entrepreneurial culture. Small Business Economics, 52, 3?25 doi: 10.1007/s11187-017-9985-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9985-0
    View in Google Scholar
  12. Carter, N. M., Gartner, W. B., Shaver, K. G., & Gatewood, E. J. (2003). The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 13?39. doi: 10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00078-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00078-2
    View in Google Scholar
  13. Carton, R. B., & Hofer, C. W. (2006). Measuring organizational performance ? metrics for entrepreneurship and strategic management research. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847202840
    View in Google Scholar
  14. Central Registry of Valuers maintained by the Ministry of Economic Development, Labour and Technology. Retrived from: https://www.gov.pl/web/rozwoj-praca-technologia/centralny-rejestr-rzeczoznawcow-majatkowych (15.01.2022).
    View in Google Scholar
  15. Coad, A., & Guenther, Ch. (2014). Processes of firm growth and diversification: theory and evidence. Small Business Economics, 43, 857?871. doi: 10.1007/s11 187-014-9566-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9566-4
    View in Google Scholar
  16. Coleman, S. (2007). The role of human and financial capital in the profitability and growth of women-owned small firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(3), 303?319. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00214.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2007.00214.x
    View in Google Scholar
  17. Cramer, J. S. (2004). The early origins of the logit model. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 35(4), 613?626. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2004.09.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2004.09.003
    View in Google Scholar
  18. Dalborg, C., Friedrichs I. V., & Wincent, J., (2012), Beyond the numbers: qualitative growth in women?s businesses, International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 289?315. doi: 10.1108/17566261211264163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17566261211264163
    View in Google Scholar
  19. Davidsson, P., & Wiklund, J. (2000). Conceptual and empirical challenges in the study of firm growth. In D. Sexton & H. Lnastrom (Eds.). Handbook of entrepreneurship. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. doi: 10.1002/9781405164214.ch2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405164214.ch2
    View in Google Scholar
  20. Davidsson, P., Steffens, P., & Fitzsimmons, J. (2009). Growing profitable or growing from profits: putting the horse in front of the cart? Journal of Business Venturing, 24(4), 388?406. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.003
    View in Google Scholar
  21. Davidsson, P., Achtenhagen, L., & Naldi, L. (2010). Small firm growth. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 69?166. doi: 10.1561/030 0000029. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1561/0300000029
    View in Google Scholar
  22. Dudek, M. (2020). Property valuers in Poland ? spatial report. Retrived from https://iccs.pl/blog/2020/06/24/rzeczoznawcy-majatkowi-w-polsce-raport-przes trzenny-2020-r/ (12.02.2021).
    View in Google Scholar
  23. Eddleston, K. A., & Powell, G. N. (2008). The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners? career satisfier preferences. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(2), 244?256. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.11.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.11.002
    View in Google Scholar
  24. Eide, A. E., Moen, ?., Madsen, T. K., & Azari, M. J. (2021). Growth aspirations in SMEs: managerial determinants and organizational outcomes. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28(4), 640?665. doi: 10.1108/JSBED-09-2020-0332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-09-2020-0332
    View in Google Scholar
  25. El Shoubaki, A., Laguir, I., & den Besten, M. (2020). Human capital and SME growth: the mediating role of reasons to start a business. Small Business Economics, 54, 1107?1121. doi: 10.1007/s11187-018-0129-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0129-y
    View in Google Scholar
  26. Fairlie, R. W., & Robb, A. M. (2009). Gender differences in business performance: evidence from the characteristics of business owners survey. Small Business Economics, 33(4), 375?395. doi: 10.1007/s11187-009-9207-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-009-9207-5
    View in Google Scholar
  27. Fellnhofer, K., Puumalainen, K., & Sjögren, H. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance - are sexes equal? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(3), 346?374. doi: 10.1108/IJEBR-12-2015-0286. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-12-2015-0286
    View in Google Scholar
  28. Garengo, P., & Bernardi, G. (2007). Organizational capability in SMEs performance measurement as a key system in supporting company development. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 56(5/6), 518?532. doi: 10.1108/17410400710757178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17410400710757178
    View in Google Scholar
  29. Gelderen, M. V., Thurik, R., & Bosma, N. (2005). Success and risk factors in the pre-startup phase. Small Business Economics, 24(4), 365?380. doi: 10.1007/s1 1187-004-6994-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-004-6994-6
    View in Google Scholar
  30. Gilbert, B. A., McDougall, P. P., & Audretsch D. B., (2006), New venture growth: a review and extension. Journal of Management, 32(6), 926?950. doi: 10.1177/ 0149206306293860. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306293860
    View in Google Scholar
  31. Gimmon, E., Farja, Y., & Greenberg, Z. (2021). Vocational education of owners and SME employment growth: evidence from Israel. International Journal of Training Research, 19(1), 21?46. doi: 10.1080/14480220.2020.1864440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2020.1864440
    View in Google Scholar
  32. Gupta, P. D., Guha, S., & Krishnaswami, S. S. (2013). Firm growth and its determinants. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 2, 15. doi: 10.1186/219 2-5372-2-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-5372-2-15
    View in Google Scholar
  33. Guzman, J., & Stern S. (2020). The state of American entrepreneurship: new estimates of the quantity and quality of entrepreneurship for 32 US states, 1988?2014. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 12(4), 212?43. doi: 10.1 257/pol.20170498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170498
    View in Google Scholar
  34. Haber, S., & Reichel, A. (2007). The cumulative nature of the entrepreneurial process: the contribution of human capital, planning and environment resources to small venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(1), 119?145. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.09.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.09.005
    View in Google Scholar
  35. Hartman, R. L., & Barber, E. G. (2020). Women in the workforce: the effect of gender on occupational self-efficacy, work engagement and career aspirations. Gender in Management, 35(1), 92?118. doi: 10.1108/GM-04-2019-0062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2019-0062
    View in Google Scholar
  36. Harel, R., Schwartz, D., & Kaufmann, D. (2021). The relationship between innova-tion promotion processes and small business success: the role of managers? dominance. Review of Managerial Science, 15, 1937?1960. doi: 10.1007/s1184 6-020-00409-w. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-020-00409-w
    View in Google Scholar
  37. Headd, B. (2003). Redefining business success: distinguishing between closure and failure. Small Business Economics, 21, 51?61. doi: 10.1023/A:1024433630958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024433630958
    View in Google Scholar
  38. Höllen, M., Lengfeld, C., & Konrad, E. D. (2020). Business success for creative and cultural entrepreneurs: influences of individual-and firm-related factors on revenue and satisfaction. International Journal of Arts Management, 22(2), 52?65.
    View in Google Scholar
  39. Hossain, M. M. (2020). Financial resources, financial literacy and small firm growth: does private organizations support matter? Journal of Small Business Strategy, 30(2), 35?58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1793097
    View in Google Scholar
  40. Johnsen, G. J., & McMahon, R. G. (2005). Owner-manager gender, financial performance and business growth amongst SMEs from Australia?s business longitudinal survey. International Small Business Journal, 23(2), 115?142. doi: 10.1 177/0266242605050509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242605050509
    View in Google Scholar
  41. Kassa, E. T. (2021). Socioeconomic determinants of micro and small enterprise growth in North Wollo and Waghimira Zone selected towns. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 1?14. doi: 10.1186/s13731-021-0016 5-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00165-5
    View in Google Scholar
  42. Kautonen, T. (2008). Understanding the older entrepreneur: comparing third age and prime age entrepreneurs in Finland. International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management, 3(3), 3?13.
    View in Google Scholar
  43. Kiefer, K., Heileman, M., & Pett, T. L. (2022). Does gender still matter? An examination of small business performance. Small Business Economics, 58, 141?167. doi: 10.1007/s11187-020-00403-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00403-2
    View in Google Scholar
  44. Kirkwood J. J. (2009). To grow or not? Growing small service firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(3), 485?503. doi: 10.1108/146 26000910977189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000910977189
    View in Google Scholar
  45. Kirkwood, J. J. (2016). How women and men business owners perceive success. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(5), 594?615. doi: 10.1108/IJEBR-01-2016-0024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2016-0024
    View in Google Scholar
  46. Ladge, J., Eddleston, K. A., & Sugiyama, K. (2019). Am I an entrepreneur? How imposter fears hinder women entrepreneurs? business growth. Business Horizons, 62(5), 615?624. doi: 10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.001
    View in Google Scholar
  47. Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: a study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 615?640. doi: 10.1002/smj.181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.181
    View in Google Scholar
  48. Lee, S. S., Stearns, T. M., Osteryoung, J. S., & Stephenson, H. B. (2009). A comparison of the critical success factors in women-owned business between the United States and Korea. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5, 259?270. doi: 10.1007/s11365-009-0110-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-009-0110-y
    View in Google Scholar
  49. Legaspi, J. L. R. (2020). What business strategy does and what management accounting is pursuing: a logistic regression analysis. International Journal of Economics & Business Administration, 8(1), 124?133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/413
    View in Google Scholar
  50. Lewandowska, A. (2021). Interactions between investments in innovation and SME competitiveness in the peripheral regions. Journal of International Studies, 14(1), 285?307. doi: 10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-1/20
    View in Google Scholar
  51. Lewis, V. L., & Churchill, N. C. (1983). The five stages of small business growth. Harvard Business Review, May-June.
    View in Google Scholar
  52. Lubacha-Sember, J., & Godlewska, M. (2018). The role of local formal and informal institutions in microfirms? development: evidence from Poland. Economics and Sociology, 3, 43?58. doi: 10.14254/2071-789X.2018/11-3/3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2018/11-3/3
    View in Google Scholar
  53. Lussier, R. (2005). A success versus failure prediction model for the real estate industry. American Journal of Business, 20, 46?53. doi: 10.1108/19355181 200500005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/19355181200500005
    View in Google Scholar
  54. Lussier, R. N., & Pfeifer, S. (2001). A crossnational prediction model for business success. Journal of Small Business Management, 39(3), 228?239. doi: 10.1108/ MF-01-2017-0018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0447-2778.00021
    View in Google Scholar
  55. Małkowska, A., Tomal, M., Uhruska, M., Pawlak, J., Maier, G., & Nichiforeanu, A. (2021). The impact of job satisfaction on valuers? attitudes towards professional ethics. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 25(6), 497?513. doi: 10.3846/ijspm.2021.15768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2021.15768
    View in Google Scholar
  56. Małkowska, A., & Uhruska, M. (2018). Doing business in property valuation - Survey results. Świat Nieruchomości, 106, 27?36.
    View in Google Scholar
  57. Małkowska, A., & Uhruska, M. (2019). Towards specialization or extension? Searching for valuation services models using cluster analysis. Real Estate Management and Valuation, 27(4), 27?38. doi: 10.2478/remav-2019-0033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/remav-2019-0033
    View in Google Scholar
  58. Małkowska, A., Uhruska, M., & Tomal, M. (2019). Age and experience versus susceptibility to client pressure among property valuation professionals ? implications for rethinking institutional framework. Sustainability, 11, 6759. doi: 10.3390/su11236759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236759
    View in Google Scholar
  59. Mayr, S., Mitter, C., Kücher, A., & Duller, C. (2021). Entrepreneur characteristics and differences in reasons for business failure: evidence from bankrupt Austrian SMEs. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 33(5), 539?558. doi: 10.1080/08276331.2020.1786647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1786647
    View in Google Scholar
  60. McKelvie, A., Brattström, A., & Dennis Jr, W. J. (2021). What do they think and feel about growth? Examining small business managers? attitudes towards growth in the United States. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 15, doi: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2021.e00243
    View in Google Scholar
  61. McKelvie, A., & Wiklund, J. (2010). Advancing firm growth research: a focus on growth mode instead of growth rate. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 34(2), 261?288. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00375.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00375.x
    View in Google Scholar
  62. McParland, C., Adair, A., & McGreal, S. (2002). Valuation standards: a comparison of four European countries. Journal of Property Investment and Finance, 20(2), 127?141. doi: 10.1108/14635780210420025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14635780210420025
    View in Google Scholar
  63. Moreno-Menéndez, A. M., & Casillas, J. C. (2021). How do family businesses grow? Differences in growth patterns between family and non-family firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 12(3). doi: 10.1016/j.jfbs.2021.100420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2021.100420
    View in Google Scholar
  64. Murphy, G., Tocher, N., & Burch, T. (2019). Small business owner persistence: do personal characteristics matter? Journal of Small Business Strategy, 29(1), 99?114.
    View in Google Scholar
  65. Neneh, B. (2021). Role salience and the growth intention of women entrepre-neurs: Does work-life balance make a difference? Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, doi: 10.1017/SJP.2021.9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.9
    View in Google Scholar
  66. Onufrey, K., & Bergek, A. (2021). Transformation in a mature industry: the role of business and innovation strategies. Technovation, 105. doi: 10.1016/j.technova tion.2020.102190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102190
    View in Google Scholar
  67. Piispanen, V., Paloniemi, K., & Simonen, J. (2018). Qualities of the growth-oriented entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 34, 112?130. doi: 10.1504/IJESB.2018.091454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2018.10012529
    View in Google Scholar
  68. Real Estate Act 1997 [Ustawa z dnia 21 sierpnia 1997r. o gospodarce nieruchomościami], Dz.U.1997 nr 115, poz. 741.
    View in Google Scholar
  69. Reijonen H. (2008). Understanding the small business owner: what they really aim at and how this relates to firm performance. A case study in North Karelia, Eastern Finland. Management Research News, 31(8), 616?629. doi: 10.1108/0 1409170810892172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170810892172
    View in Google Scholar
  70. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development. London: Oxford University Press.
    View in Google Scholar
  71. Shaw, K., & S?rensen, A. (2021). Coming of age: watching young entrepreneurs become successful. Labour Economics. Advance online publication. doi: 10.10 16/j.labeco.2021.102033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102033
    View in Google Scholar
  72. Shepherd, D. A., Wennberg, K., Suddaby, R., & Wiklund, J. (2019). What are ee explaining? A review and agenda on initiating, engaging, performing, and contextualizing entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 45(1), 159?196. doi: 10.1177/0149206318799443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318799443
    View in Google Scholar
  73. Storey, D. J. (1994). Understanding the small business sector. London: Routledge.
    View in Google Scholar
  74. Strzelecka, A., Kurdyś-Kujawska, A., & Zawadzka, D. (2020). Application of logistic regression models to assess household financial decisions regarding debt. Procedia computer science, 176, 3418?3427. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.0 9.055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.055
    View in Google Scholar
  75. Surya, B, Menne, F, Sabhan, H, Suriani, S, Abubakar, H., & Idris M. (2021). Economic growth, increasing productivity of SMEs, and open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1). 20. doi: 10.339 0/joitmc7010020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010020
    View in Google Scholar
  76. Taouab, O., & Issor, Z. (2019). Firm performance: definition and measurement Models. European Scientific Journal, 15(1), 93?106. doi: 10.19044/ESJ.2019 .V15N1P93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n1p93
    View in Google Scholar
  77. Thomas, G. H., & Douglas, E. J. (2021). Small firm survival and growth strategies in a disrupted declining industry. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 31(5), 22?37. doi: 10.53703/001c.29814. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53703/001c.29814
    View in Google Scholar
  78. Urbano, D., Aparicio, S., & Audretsch, D. (2019). Twenty-five years of research on institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: what has been learned? Small Business Economics, 53, 21?49. doi: 10.1007/s11187-018-0038-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0038-0
    View in Google Scholar
  79. Wach, K. (2020). A typology of small business growth modelling: a critical literature review. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(1), 159?184. doi: 10.15678/EBER.2020.080109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.080109
    View in Google Scholar
  80. Wolverton, M., & Gallimore, P. (1999). Client feedback and the role of the appraiser. Journal of Real Estate Research, 18, 415?431. doi: 10.1080/10835547 .1999.12091001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1999.12091001
    View in Google Scholar
  81. Worzala, E. M., Lenk, M. M., & Kinnard, W. N. (1998). How client pressure affects the appraisal of residential property. Apprais. Journal, 66, 416?427.
    View in Google Scholar
  82. Yoganandan, G., & Dinesh Kumar, M. (2021). Qualities of successful entrepreneurs ? a review of relevant literature. Materials Today: Proceedings. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.022
    View in Google Scholar
  83. Zizi, Y., Oudgou, M., & El Moudden, A. (2020). Determinants and predictors of smes? financial failure: a logistic regression approach. Risks, 8(4), 107. doi: 10.3390/risks8040107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/risks8040107
    View in Google Scholar

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

1-10 of 362

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.