A new model to identify factors affecting sustainable performance of sports business: The role of technology intelligence, sustainable manufacturing, green HR management, CSR and resource management
Abstract
Research background: The global movement around issues such as sustainability the offers an opportunity to create context for corporate social responsibility. On the other hand, the effective management of sports organizations necessitates a well-defined business model, with a comprehensive understanding of the value creation process being paramount for its successful implementation. By integrating critical criteria into a holistic framework, sports enterprises can systematically identify and address key factors influencing their sustainable success. This approach fosters long-term viability and resilience in the competitive sports industry by enhancing both environmental and operational efficiencies while cultivating a sustainability-oriented organizational culture.
Purpose of the article: The present study aims to investigate the impact of several factors on the sustainable performance of sports firms, including technology intelligence, sustainable manufacturing methods, green human resource management, corporate social responsibility, and waste, energy, and resource management.
Methods: A quantitative approach was adopted, utilizing a descriptive-survey methodology to examine the proposed model. The research population comprised managers and professionals within the sports industry. The minimum sample size for Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was determined using the 10-times rule of thumb.
Findings & value added: The findings corroborated the model's efficiency in assessing sustainable performance within sports businesses. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the five aforementioned variables (technology intelligence, corporate social responsibility, sustainable manufacturing practices, green human resource management, and waste, energy, and resource management) exerted a statistically significant influence on the sustainable performance of sports enterprises. This model proposes a framework to unravel how these factors interact and influence sustainable performance of sports business, thus aiding sports businesses in optimizing their strategies for sustainable success.
Keywords
sustainable performance, sports business, technology intelligence, sustainable manufacturing methods, green human resource management, corporate social responsibility, CSR
References
- Ab Hamid, M., Sami, W., & Sidek, M. M. (2017). Discriminant validity assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker criterion versus HTMT criterion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890, 012163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012163
View in Google Scholar - Adebanjo, D., Teh, P.-L., & Ahmed, P. K. (2016). The impact of external pressure and sustainable management practices on manufacturing performance and environmental outcomes. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 36(9), 995–1013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-11-2014-0543
View in Google Scholar - Agus, A. (2015). Supply chain management: The influence of SCM on production performance and product quality. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3(11), 1046–1053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/JOEBM.2015.V3.332
View in Google Scholar - Ahmad, S. (2015). Green human resource management: Policies and practices. Cogent Business & Management, 2(1), 1030817. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2015.1030817
View in Google Scholar - Al Kerdawy, M. M. A. (2019). The role of corporate support for employee volunteering in strengthening the impact of green human resource management practices on corporate social responsibility in the Egyptian firms. European Management Review, 16(4), 1079–1095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12310
View in Google Scholar - Ali, I., Ali, M., Badghish, S., & Baazeem, T. A. S. (2018). Examining the role of childhood experiences in developing altruistic and knowledge sharing behaviors among children in their later life: A Partial Least Squares (PLS) Path Modeling approach. Sustainability, 10(2), 292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020292
View in Google Scholar - Ali, M. H., Zailani, S., Iranmanesh, M., & Foroughi, B. (2019). Impacts of environmental factors on waste, energy, and resource management and sustainable performance. Sustainability, 11(8), 2443. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082443
View in Google Scholar - Ali, S. S., Kaur, R., Persis, D. J., Saha, R., Pattusamy, M., & Sreedharan, V. R. (2023). Developing a hybrid evaluation approach for the low carbon performance on sustainable manufacturing environment. Annals of Operations Research, 324(4), 1–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03877-1
View in Google Scholar - Asiaei, K., Bontis, N., Barani, O., & Jusoh, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and sustainability performance measurement systems: Implications for organizational performance. Journal of Management Control, 32(1), 85–126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-021-00317-4
View in Google Scholar - Barroso, C., Carrión, G. C., & Roldán, J. L. (2010). Applying maximum likelihood and PLS on different sample sizes: Studies on SERVQUAL model and employee behavior model. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 427–447). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_20
View in Google Scholar - Chen, S.-S., Chuang, Y.-W., & Chen, P.-Y. (2012). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of KMS quality, KMS self-efficacy, and organizational climate. Knowledge-Based Systems, 31, 106–118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2012.02.001
View in Google Scholar - Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.). Modern Methods for Business Research (pp. 295–336). Taylor & Francis Group.
View in Google Scholar - Chin, W. W., Marcolin, B. L., & Newsted, P. R. (2003). A partial least squares latent variable modeling approach for measuring interaction effects: Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study and an electronic-mail emotion/adoption study. Information Systems Research, 14(2), 189–217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018
View in Google Scholar - Fatahimilasi, S., Benar, N., & Nazarian, A. (2024). Sustainable performance of sports business: The role of technological intelligence and the mediating effects of organizational agility and customer agility capabilities. Sports Marketing Studies, 4(4), 1–18.
View in Google Scholar - Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800313
View in Google Scholar - Frevel, N., Beiderbeck, D., & Schmidt, S. L. (2022). The impact of technology on sports–A prospective study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121838. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121838
View in Google Scholar - Frohlich, M. T., & Westbrook, R. (2001). Arcs of integration: An international study of supply chain strategies. Journal of Operations Management, 19(2), 185–200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(00)00055-3
View in Google Scholar - Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185–214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669
View in Google Scholar - Götz, O., Liehr-Gobbers, K., & Krafft, M. (2010). Evaluation of structural equation models using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. In Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 691–711). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_30
View in Google Scholar - Gupta, S., Dangayach, G., Singh, A. K., & Rao, P. (2015). Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model for evaluating sustainable manufacturing practices in Indian electrical panel industries. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 189, 208–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.216
View in Google Scholar - Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Uppersaddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.
View in Google Scholar - Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
View in Google Scholar - Hedari, N., Hakakzadeh, M., & Manochehri Nejad, M. (2021). Model of economic development of sport industry using social networks. Sport Management Studies, 13(68), 30–63.
View in Google Scholar - Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
View in Google Scholar - Ibrahim, Y. M., Hami, N., & Othman, S. (2019). Integrating sustainable maintenance into sustainable manufacturing practices and its relationship with sustainability performance: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 9(4), 30–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7709
View in Google Scholar - Iqbal, S., Moleiro Martins, J., Nuno Mata, M., Naz, S., Akhtar, S., & Abreu, A. (2021). Linking entrepreneurial orientation with innovation performance in SMEs: The role of organizational commitment and transformational leadership using smart PLS-SEM. Sustainability, 13(8), 4361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084361
View in Google Scholar - Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., & Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 1–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2014.872335
View in Google Scholar - Jafari Navimipour, N., & Soltani, Z. (2016). The impact of cost, technology acceptance and employees' satisfaction on the effectiveness of the electronic customer relationship management systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 1052–1066.
View in Google Scholar - Khoshmaram, M., Zarafshani, K., Alibaygi, A., & Mirakzadeh, A. (2017). Exploring the role of social capital in agricultural entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: Application of Smart PLS. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 7(4), 395–406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29252/jea.4.7.13
View in Google Scholar - Kozma, M., & Kazaine, O. (2014). Measuring business performance in sports. How the Balanced Scorecard approach can help sports organisations in operating along strategic objectives. In J. T. Karlovitz (Ed.). Economics questions, issues and problems (pp. 17–40). Komárno: International Research Institute.
View in Google Scholar - Laumer, S., Gubler, F., Maier, C., & Weitzel, T. (2018). Job seekers' acceptance of job recommender systems: Results of an empirical study. In Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii international conference on system sciences. ScholarSpace. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2018.491
View in Google Scholar - Li, H., Kuo, Y. K., Mir, M. M., & Omar, M. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability: Achieving firms sustainable performance supported by plant capability. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 4580–4602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.2015612
View in Google Scholar - Luo, S. C., & Deng, G. F. (2014). Research on the development of sports information system based on the sports information management theory. Advanced Materials Research, 998, 1327–1330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.998-999.1327
View in Google Scholar - Mac Callum, K., & Jeffrey, L. (2013). The influence of students' ICT skills and their adoption of mobile learning. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 29(3), 303–314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.298
View in Google Scholar - Mayer, P., Volland, D., Thiesse, F., & Fleisch, E. (2011). User acceptance of'smart products': An empirical investigation. In Wirtschaftinformatik proceedings 2011 (pp. 58–67). Association for Information SystemsAIS Electronic Library (AISeL).
View in Google Scholar - Moscato, J. (2023). Evaluating organizational performance using smartpls: A management perspective. APTISI Transactions on Management, 7(3), 273–281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v7i3.2144
View in Google Scholar - Mousa, S. K., & Othman, M. (2020). The impact of green human resource management practices on sustainable performance in healthcare organisations: A conceptual framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243, 118595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118595
View in Google Scholar - Munir, J., Shafi, K., Khan, F., & Ahmed, U. (2018). Elucidating the relationship of social media usage and e-WOM with brand related purchase decision involvement: an integrated meta-framework approach. WALIA Journal, 34(1), 59–64.
View in Google Scholar - Navimipour, N. J., & Soltani, Z. (2016). The impact of cost, technology acceptance and employees' satisfaction on the effectiveness of the electronic customer relationship management systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 1052–1066. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.036
View in Google Scholar - Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychological theory. New York, NY: MacGraw-Hill.
View in Google Scholar - Papademetriou, C., Ragazou, K., Garefalakis, A., & Passas, I. (2023). Green human resource management: Mapping the research trends for sustainable and agile human resources in SMEs. Sustainability, 15(7), 5636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075636
View in Google Scholar - Popp, B., & Wilson, B. (2018). Investigating the role of identification for social networking Facebook brand pages. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 141–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.033
View in Google Scholar - Prasanth, V., & Nallavan, G. (2024). Greening the game with sustainable practices in sports performance analysis. In 3rd international conference on reinventing business practices, start-ups and sustainability (ICRBSS 2023). Atlantis Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-374-0_78
View in Google Scholar - Ratten, V. (2019). Sports technology and innovation: Assessing cultural and social factors. Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75046-0
View in Google Scholar - Rehman, S. U., Bhatti, A., Kraus, S., & Ferreira, J. J. (2021). The role of environmental management control systems for ecological sustainability and sustainable performance. Management Decision, 59(9), 2217–2237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2020-0800
View in Google Scholar - Riot, C., Kennelly, M., Hill, B., & Trenberth, L. (2018). The sport business industry in the twenty-first century. In D. Hassan (Ed.). Managing sport business (pp. 3–21). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315265476-1
View in Google Scholar - Saengchai, S., Mitprasat, M., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2019). How the adoption of sustainable technology affects the organizational performance of SMEs in Thai. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 14(5), 2157–2171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.Proc5.36
View in Google Scholar - Sharei, Z., & Zare, A. (2023). Shared economy development model with economic development approach in Iran's sports industry. Accounting, 9(2), 73–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2023.1.001
View in Google Scholar - Temme, D., Kreis, H., & Hildebrandt, L. (2006). PLS path modeling – A software review. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, SFB 649 Discussion Paper, 2006-084.
View in Google Scholar - Tenenhaus, M., Amato, S., & Esposito Vinzi, V. (2004). A global goodness-of-fit index for PLS structural equation modelling. In Proceedings of the XLII SIS scientific meeting (pp. 739–742). Scientific Research An Academic Publisher.
View in Google Scholar - Ul-Hameed, W., Shabbir, M., Imran, M., Raza, A., & Salman, R. (2019). Remedies of low performance among Pakistani e-logistic companies: The role of firm’s IT capability and information communication technology (ICT). Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 7(2), 369–380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2018.6.002
View in Google Scholar - Velte, P. (2022). Meta-analyses on corporate social responsibility (CSR): A literature review. Management Review Quarterly, 72(3), 627–675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-021-00211-2
View in Google Scholar - Vinzi, V. E., Trinchera, L., & Amato, S. (2010). PLS path modeling: From foundations to recent developments and open issues for model assessment and improvement. In V. E. Vinzi, W. W. Chin, J. Henseler & H. Wang (Eds.) Handbook of partial least squares (pp. 47–82). Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-32827-8_3
View in Google Scholar - Vrontis, D., Viassone, M., Serravalle, F., & Christofi, M. (2020). Managing technological innovation in the sports industry: A challenge for retail management. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 30(1), 78–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-11-2019-0127
View in Google Scholar - Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly, 177–195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20650284
View in Google Scholar - Wirba, A. V. (2024). Corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of government in promoting CSR. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 7428–7454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01185-0
View in Google Scholar - Yang, C.-C., Shen, C.-C., Lin, Y.-S., Lo, H.-W., & Wu, J.-Z. (2021). Sustainable sports tourism performance assessment using grey-based hybrid model. Sustainability, 13(8), 4214. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084214
View in Google Scholar - Yucel, E., & Gunay, M. (2013). An evaluation on machining processes for sustainable manufacturing. Gazi University Journal of Science, 26(2), 241–252.
View in Google Scholar - Yusoff, Y. M., Othman, N. Z., Fernando, Y., Amran, A., Surienty, L., & Ramayah, T. (2015). Conceptualization of green human resource management: An exploratory study from Malaysian-based multinational companies. International Journal of Business Management & Economic Research, 6(3), 158–166.
View in Google Scholar